Passkeys: password-free login | SwissSign
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Tobias Bertschi • 01.10.2024

Passkeys: password-free login

Passkeys not only make the login process simpler and more convenient for users, they also provide greater security. How does this technology work?

Passkeys: How does the password-free login work?

More and more often, passwords are no longer being required to log in to various online services. ‘Passkeys’, as they are known, enable both the login and authentication of the user. But how does this technology work and how secure is it? An overview.

What is a passkey?

Ein Passkey ist ein digitaler Berechtigungsnachweis für Online-Dienste. Er ermöglicht sowohl das Login als auch die Authentifizierung eines Nutzers, ohne ein Passwort und zum Beispiel einen SMS-Code eingeben zu müssen.

How does logging in with a passkey work?

In a nutshell: if the user wants to log in to an online service, their device will suggest the saved passkey for authentication. To confirm the login request, all they have to do is unlock their linked device, for example using a fingerprint sensor or facial recognition. This proves that they have access to the relevant passkey.

Passkeys vs passwords: a comparison in numbers

Success rate of login attempts

  • Passwords: 14%
  • Passkeys: 64%

Duration of login process

  • Passwords: 30 seconds
  • Passkeys: 15 seconds

Side note: the problem with passwords

If used correctly, passwords are also a secure login method. The problem here, however, is that users often have to remember countless passwords. As a result, they usually set overly simple passwords or use the same password to access different online services. Password managers help with this, because they store the user’s credentials and fill them in automatically when the corresponding online service is accessed – if desired. Often, however, the login request has to be confirmed with a second factor. In addition, passwords are often stored on the servers of the online services, which again makes them an attractive attack target for hackers.

Passkeys: quicker, simpler and more secure

Passkeys are considered a simpler and more secure login method than passwords. But why is this the case?

Logging in using a passkey is simpler and more convenient for users, as there is no need for an additional second factor. Instead, they can authenticate themselves using a fingerprint sensor, facial recognition or a PIN. The private key is therefore the first factor and the fingerprint, for example, the second. Passkeys are also standardised. This means that they only have to be set up once and can then be used on all devices.

Passkeys are also a better alternative when it comes to security: instead of a password, only a public key is stored on the server. This makes it a much less interesting proposition for attackers who might want to hack into such servers. In addition, passkeys only work for registered websites and apps. The browser or operating system performs the check and thus protects users from phishing attacks.

A passkey is a secure, user-friendly digital verification that uses public key cryptography to replace passwords and additional second factors.

How exactly do passkeys work?

Passkeys basieren auf dem Prinzip der asymmetrischen Verschlüsselung. Auf Ihrem Mobiltelefon wird ein privater Schlüssel gespeichert. Diesen können Sie sich als eine lange, zufällig generierte Zeichenfolge vorstellen. Anders als ein Passwort, wird dieser niemals mit dem verknüpften Online-Dienst geteilt.

Möchten Sie sich nun bei einem Online-Dienst einloggen, wird eine Anmeldeaufforderung an Ihr Gerät geschickt. Dieses signiert die Anforderung mit Ihrem privaten Schlüssel und sendet die Anfrage zur Kontrolle an den Online-Dienst zurück. Der Zugriff auf den privaten Schlüssel ist dabei zum Beispiel mittels Fingerabdruck abgesichert. Mithilfe des öffentlichen Schlüssels prüft der Server danach, ob der richtige private Schlüssel verwendet wurde und bestätigt in diesem Fall die Login-Anfrage.

Die Vorteile von Passkeys zusammengefasst

  • Schutz vor Phishing

  • Minderung von Verletzungen der Datensicherheit

  • Benutzerfreundlicheres Login

Side note: Device vs cloud

Passkeys that are only stored on the device are not synchronised across devices and can therefore only be used for logins on this specific device. However, if you store them in your cloud key ring, you can use them on any device that is signed into your account, such as Google or iCloud.

If you usually log in to an online service via your mobile phone, chances are that you also created and saved your passkey on this device. If you now access the same online service on your computer, you can still use your mobile phone for authentication. In most cases, you will receive a push notification on your device when you log in. You then confirm the login request using biometrics or a PIN.

However, problems can arise if you use devices with different operating systems. To deal with this, you can use password managers from external passkey providers or cloud-based solutions from Google, Apple, etc. and store all passkeys – regardless of the operating system – in one place.

Conclusion

Entering passwords is a thing of the past! Passkeys not only make the login process simpler and more convenient for users, they also provide greater security. The password-free login process is already supported by major providers such as Amazon and Google. In the near future, they will be joined by many more online services and passkeys will slowly but surely become the login standard.